據烴加工網站4月15日消息 美國能源信息署（EIA）表示，上周美國原油庫存增加1900萬桶，創下歷史上最大單周增幅，原因是由于疫情導致需求下滑，煉油企業紛紛減產。

在截至4月10日的一周內，原油庫存上漲幅度遠大于路透社的調查，該調查稱庫存上漲1170萬桶，并抵消了全球產油國之間達成大幅減產協議所帶來的部分樂觀情緒。受此消息影響，原油期貨價格暴跌。

全球的燃料需求下降了大約30%，因為商業已經關閉，居民避免公眾集會和旅行。大流行已經造成超過13萬人死亡，200萬人感染。EIA表示，美國大多數州都發布了命令，要求人們居家。過去四周的汽油需求比去年同期下降了32%。

煉油企業的反應是減少原油采購和加工，他們的產能占全國的69%，是2008年9月以來的最低水平，這些應對需求疲軟的行動正波及管道公司和石油生產商。后者正被迫減產，因為一些管道公司已表示，除非石油有一個可靠的目的地，否則它們無法運輸石油。

與此同時，庫存仍在繼續增加。美國能源信息署表示，美國原油期貨交割中心俄克拉荷馬州庫欣的原油庫存上周增加570萬桶，目前總量為5500萬桶。管道公司表示，該中心的產能約為7600萬桶，并可能在5月中旬前達到飽和。

受此消息影響，原油價格下跌，截至美國東部時間上午10:48，美國原油價格下跌2.3%，至19.69美元/桶，布倫特原油價格下跌6.8%，至27.60美元/桶。

EIA稱，上周煉油廠原油日產量下降了96.9萬桶。煉油廠利用率本周下降6.5個百分點。

美國汽油庫存本周增加490萬桶，至創紀錄的2.622億桶，高于640萬桶的預期。

EIA數據顯示，包括柴油和取暖油在內的餾分油庫存本周增加630萬桶，達到1.29億桶，而預期將增加140萬桶。

EIA稱，上周美國原油凈進口量下降79.7萬桶/天。

吳恒磊 編譯自 烴加工

原文如下：

U.S. crude stocks surge by a record 19 million barrels

U.S. crude oil stockpiles rose by 19 million barrels last week, the biggest one-week increase in history, the U.S. Energy Information Administration said, as refiners throttled back activity due to slumping demand as a result of the coronavirus pandemic.

The build in the week to April 10 was much larger than the Reuters poll calling for a 11.7 million-barrel rise and offsets some of the optimism that had bloomed as a result of a worldwide pact between oil producers to cut output sharply. Crude futures slumped on the news.

Worldwide fuel demand has dropped by roughly 30% as businesses have shuttered, and residents avoid public gatherings and travel due to the pandemic, which has killed more than 130,000 people and infected 2 million. Most U.S. states have issued orders asking people to stay at home; gasoline demand over the last four weeks has dropped by 32% from the year-ago period, EIA said.

Refiners have responded by cutting crude purchases and processing; they were operating at 69% of capacity nationwide, their lowest since September 2008, and their actions to counter weak demand is rippling through pipeline companies and oil producers. The latter are being forced to cut production, as some pipeline companies have said they cannot ship oil unless it has a proven destination.

Storage, meanwhile, continues to fill. Crude stocks at the Cushing, Oklahoma, delivery hub for U.S. crude futures rose by 5.7 million barrels last week, the EIA said, and now total 55 million barrels. The hub has about 76 million barrels of capacity, and could be full by mid-May, pipeline companies have said.

Crude prices dropped on the news, with U.S. crude down 2.3% to $19.69 a barrel as of 10:48 a.m. ET (1448 GMT) and Brent down 6.8% to $27.60 a barrel.

Refinery crude runs fell by 969,000 barrels per day (bpd) in the last week, EIA said. Refinery utilization rates fell by 6.5 percentage points on the week.

U.S. gasoline stocks rose by 4.9 million barrels in the week to record high at 262.2 million barrels, the EIA said, compared with expectations for a 6.4 million-barrel rise.

Distillate stockpiles, which include diesel and heating oil, rose by 6.3 million barrels in the week to 129 million barrels, versus expectations for a 1.4 million-barrel rise, the EIA data showed.

Net U.S. crude imports fell last week by 797,000 bpd last week, EIA said.